Mechanism of actionīy applying a mechanical force to the skin, the capsule perceives said tension at its ends. #Ruffini endings skin#Additionally, they identify the continuous deformation of the skin and deep tissues. They perceive heat-related changes in temperature and record their stretching. The branches are anchored in the connective tissue capsule of the hair follicle. In the particular case of hairy skin, where the Pilo-Ruffini Complex can form, the axon forms a spiral that approaches the hair follicle just below the sebaceous gland, where it branches, losing myelin. However, there are usually subtle variations in the structure of Ruffini's corpuscles present in glabrous skin and in hairy skin that has different anatomical structures.įor example, corpuscles of Ruffini located in the glabrous skin of the foreskin usually originate from a single axon that branches several times before losing its myelin coating within the connective tissue capsule. The above description corresponds to the classical structure of a Ruffini corpuscle. The axon loses the myelin sheath and bifurcates in two before encapsulating to form branched nerve endings. In this capsule, the nerve endings are anchored between collagen fibers of connective tissue. #Ruffini endings free#They are formed by numerous free nerve endings, originating from a common myelinated axon, which are encapsulated forming a cylindrical structure. All this because they adjust to the new surroundings.įinally, Ruffini's corpuscles found in the joint capsules of birds and mammals, are located only in the areas that are inside the fibrous layer and the ligaments of the capsule. It can be assumed that the structural change in the connective tissue (injuries, bad position of the joints, scars, degenerative processes, aging) also leads to a change in the corpuscles of Ruffini. These corpuscles are quite small in size and are not very numerous. Given their ability to detect signals with very small receptive fields, Ruffini endings fall within the classification of type I mechanoreceptors. In addition to detecting these types of static stimuli, they also respond to dynamic factors such as joint angle, stimulus speed, and stretch. Slowly adapting mechanoreceptors are capable of detecting sustained or prolonged pressure stimuli on the skin, as well as slight deformations produced by stretching it. Additionally, they are capable of perceiving low levels of mechanical deformation of the skin, even in the deepest layers of the skin. They are cutaneous sensory receptors, that is, located in the skin, being specialized in perceiving temperature variations above or below body temperature. However, all of them are mechanoreceptors that adapt slowly to stimulus and perceive stimuli in small receptive fields. The Ruffini corpuscles found in each of the above locations show slight variations in structure. They are located both in the dermis and in the hypodermis of the glabrous and hairy skin of mammals and marsupials, as well as in the menisci, ligaments and joint capsules of the joints of some birds and mammals. These receivers are named after the Italian physician and biologist Angelo Ruffini (1864-1929). This capsule can be composed of collagen synthesized by fibroblasts or perineural cells. These consist of a single myelinated axon that branches into multiple nerve endings that anchor inside a capsule. The Ruffini corpuscles They are sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli and subtle variations in temperature.
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